Interjections

Interjection is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Oh!, Um or Ah!They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is sometimes followed by an exclamation mark (!) when written.

Interjections like er and um are also known as "hesitation devices". They are extremely common in English. People use them when they don't know what to say, or to indicate that they are thinking about what to say. You should learn to recognize them when you hear them and realize that they have no real meaning.

The table below shows some interjections with examples.

Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word that "joins". A conjunction joins two parts of a sentence.

Here are some example conjunctions:

Coordinating Conjunctions	Subordinating Conjunctions
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so	although, because, since, unless

We can consider conjunctions from three aspects.

Form

Conjunctions have three basic forms:

• Single Word
  for example: and, but, because, although

English Prepositions

A preposition is a word governing, and usually coming in front of, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element, as in:

• She left before breakfast.
  
• What did you come for?
  (For what did you come?)

Short List of Common Prepositions

A Simple Rule for Prepositions

Prepositions of Place
at the bus stop, in the box, on the wall

Pronouns

Pronouns are small words that take the place of a noun. We can use a pronoun instead of a noun. Pronouns are words like: he, you, ours, themselves, some, each... If we didn't have pronouns, we would have to repeat a lot of nouns. We would have to say things like:

• Do you like the president? I don't like the president. The president is too pompous.

With pronouns, we can say:

• Do you like the president? I don't like him. He is too pompous.

Personal Pronouns
I, me, you, he, him, she...

Adverbs

Adverbs are an important part of speech. They usually answer questions such as how?, where?, when?,how often? and how much?

What is an Adverb?
What do adverbs do? What's their job?

Adverb Form
How do we make adverbs?

Kinds of Adverbs
What are the main kinds of adverbs?

Adverb Position
Where do we place the adverb in a sentence?

Adverbs of Frequency
hourly, weekly, once a year...

Adjectives

An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun. (By "noun" we include pronouns and noun phrases.)

An adjective "qualifies" or "modifies" a noun (a big dog).

Adjectives can be used before a noun (I like Chinese food) or after certain verbs (It is hard).

We can often use two or more adjectives together (a beautiful young French lady).

It is sometimes said that the adjective is the enemy of the noun. This is because, very often, if we use the precise noun we don't need an adjective. For example, instead of saying "a large, impressive house" (2 adjectives + 1 noun) we could simply say "a mansion" (1 noun).

Nouns

It's not easy to describe a noun. In simple terms, nouns are "things" (and verbs are "actions"). Likefood. Food (noun) is something you eat (verb). Or happiness. Happiness (noun) is something you want (verb). Or human being. A human being (noun) is something you are (verb).

What are Nouns?
The simple definition is: a person, place or thing
teacher, school, book

Countable Nouns, Uncountable Nouns
Why is this important? Why do some nouns have no plural?
dog/dogs, rice, hair(s)

Proper Nouns (Names)
Do we say "Atlantic Ocean" or "the Atlantic Ocean"? Should I write "february" or "February"?
Shirley, Mr Jeckyll, Thailand, April, Sony

Possessive 's
Adding 's or ' to show possession.
John's car, my parents' house

Verbs

What Are Verbs?

• Verb Classification | Quiz
  helping verbs: primary/modal
  main verbs: transitive/intransitive, linking, dynamic/stative, regular/irregular

Verb Forms | Quiz
to sing, sing, sings, sang, sung, singing

Tenses
I sing, I am singing, I have sung, I have been singing, I sang, I was singing

• English Tense System
• What is Tense?
• Tense & Time
• Basic Tenses
• Regular Verbs
• Irregular Verbs
• Be